What is HEIC?

What an iPhone saves photos as. It isn't really an image format so much as a container holding HEVC video frames - the same codec used for film, applied to one still. That gets a photo to about half the size of the equivalent JPG, and it's also why so little else opens one: HEVC is patent-licensed, so most browsers and a lot of desktop software can't read a HEIC at all. Big photos are usually stored cut into tiles that have to be reassembled.

What is TIFF?

The format print shops, scanners and archives run on. Lossless, capable of holding several images in one file, and old enough that everything in that world reads it. Files are large, which nobody in print has ever minded.